Articles
Spanish engineers at CIC Margune are developing a method of cryogenic machining which is environmentally friendlier, safer and improves the longevity of parts and components produced compared to conventional machining technologies.
Cryogenic machining involves the use of a refrigerant gas, such as liquid nitrogen or CO2, to cool the cutting tool instead of water soluble coolants mixed with oil. The refrigerant gas evaporates to a mist when in use and leaves no residue, reducing environmental impact and improving safety.
The use of the gas also achieves a lower operating temperature than liquid coolants. The reduced temperature means cutting tools last longer and systems can work at higher speeds, improving productivity and the quality of work, which in turn reduces finishing costs and increases the longevity of the parts machined.
The technology can also be used to cut materials which conventional machining techniques struggle with, such as titanium, nickel-based alloys and nodular or compacted-graphite iron and is even suitable for use with composites because of its low temperature.
Franck Girot, coordinator of the research project at CIC Margune, said: “The process is totally friendly to the environment, given that no kind of waste or dumping arises. Also, there is already poof that the technology works, so this research directly relates to our companies and may well arrive on the market shortly.”
Cryogenic machining is currently only available to buy from US company MAG, which developed the technology to machine titanium parts for the F-35 Lightning II stealth fighter aircraft. MAG’s patented process delivers liquid nitrogen at 321°F through a tool body, direct to the cutting edge.
Challenges to the development of cryogenic machining include issues related to heat leaks, non-predictability of flow and high noise levels.
The research project is being conducted at CIC Margune, the Cooperative Research for High Performance Manufacturing in partnership with the Higher Engineering School in Blibao, Tecnalia and the University of Mondragon.