The Definitive Guide to 3D Printing: 3D printing for mechanical design

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has become a game-changer in the world of mechanical engineering.

It empowers engineers to create prototypes, test parts, and produce custom components with remarkable flexibility. However, the multitude of 3D printing technologies available can make the choice overwhelming. In this article, we’ll delve into the key factors that influence your decision-making process, including material selection, accuracy, speed, cost, and complexity. By understanding these factors, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your mechanical design requirements.

Material Properties

Material selection is your first critical consideration when choosing a 3D printing technology. Different 3D printing technologies are compatible with specific materials, each with its unique properties like strength, flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. For instance, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) commonly uses thermoplastics, while Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) can work with metals or polymers. It’s imperative to opt for a 3D printing method that can handle the material essential for your design, ensuring it meets the mechanical properties your project demands.

Accuracy and Resolution 

Another crucial factor is the accuracy and resolution of the chosen 3D printing method. Accuracy refers to how closely the printed part matches the digital model, while resolution relates to the level of detail and surface smoothness. Different 3D printing methods offer various levels of accuracy and resolution, which depend on factors such as nozzle size, layer thickness, and movement precision. For instance, Stereolithography (SLA) utilises a laser to cure liquid resin, resulting in high accuracy and resolution. However, this method may require additional post-processing, like washing and curing, to improve mechanical properties.

Speed and Efficiency

The speed and efficiency of 3D printing are paramount considerations. Speed indicates how quickly the 3D printer can produce a part, while efficiency pertains to the amount of material and energy consumed. Speed and efficiency vary across 3D printing methods due to design complexity, part size, and the quantity of parts to be printed. For example, Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) uses a laser to fuse metal powder, making it capable of creating intricate and dense parts. However, it may consume more time, material, and energy compared to other methods.

Cost and Availability

The cost and availability of a 3D printing method are factors that deserve careful consideration. Cost encompasses the initial investment, material costs, maintenance, and post-processing expenses. Availability concerns of how accessible and user-friendly the 3D printer is, whether in-house or through a service provider. Different 3D printing methods come with distinct cost structures and availability profiles. For example, Binder Jetting is an economical method that employs a binder to bond powder particles, making it more affordable and widely available. However, it can produce parts with reduced strength and increased porosity.

Complexity and Functionality

The complexity and functionality of a 3D printing method are integral to the decision-making process. Complexity refers to how well the 3D printer can handle intricate shapes, overhangs, supports, and internal features. Functionality assesses the extent to which the printed part can fulfil its intended purpose, whether it involves mechanical, electrical, or thermal functions. Different 3D printing methods exhibit varying capabilities and limitations in these regards. HP Multi Jet Fusion, for instance, is capable of printing multiple materials with distinct properties in a single part, enabling the creation of functional components with embedded sensors, circuits, or actuators. However, it may necessitate more calibration, alignment, and integration compared to other methods.

Start using 3D Printing for your next mechanical project

The choice of a 3D printing method for your mechanical design project should be a well-informed decision, guided by material compatibility, accuracy, speed, cost, complexity, and application-specific requirements. By carefully considering these factors, you can ensure the success of your mechanical engineering endeavour. Thanks to this cutting edge technology that is constantly evolving, Mechanical 3D printing enables the production of a batch of parts that are traditionally made of many components, reducing assemblies and welding steps, enabling you to produce products faster and ultimately saving time. Whether you’re producing prototypes, testing parts, or creating custom components, the right 3D printing method will be your key to success.